Courses Details

SYLLABUS: BIOLOGICAL SCIENCE (MCQs – 150 Marks)

GROUP – A (Marks 50)

1. **Photosynthesis**

   * Definition, explanation, and overall importance.

   * Components of photosynthesis: their sources and roles.

   * Light phase and Dark phase.

   * Significance of photosynthesis.

2. **Respiration**

   * Definition and explanation.

   * Phases of aerobic respiration: Glycolysis, Krebs Cycle, Terminal Oxidation.

   * Anaerobic respiration and fermentation.

   * Significance of respiration.

3. **Plant Nutrition**

   * Autotrophic and heterotrophic nutrition.

   * Types of heterotrophic nutrition with examples.

4. **Transport in Plants**

   * Definition and medium of transport; Osmosis and Diffusion.

   * Ascent of sap through xylem.

   * Translocation of food through phloem.

   * Transpiration: definition, factors affecting it, and its importance.

5. **Excretion in Plants**

   * Modes of removal of excretory products.

   * Types of excretory products and their economic significance.

6. **Plant Hormones (Phytohormones)**

   * General idea, definition, and characteristics.

   * Sites of formation and functions of Auxins, Gibberellins, and Cytokinins.

   * Artificial phytohormones.

7. **Cell Biology**

   * Structure of prokaryotic cell.

   * Structure of eukaryotic plant cell; structure and function of organelles.

8. **Plant Tissues**

   * Structure and function of meristematic and permanent tissues.

9. **Reproduction in Plants**

   * Vegetative reproduction: natural and artificial methods.

   * Asexual and sexual reproduction in plants.

10. **Heredity**

    * Definition and explanation.

    * Mendel’s monohybrid and dihybrid crosses.

    * Laws of heredity (Mendel’s Laws).

11. **Microbiology**

    * Characteristics of viruses.

    * Structure and importance of bacteriophages.

    * Beneficial and harmful bacteria: their roles.

    * Beneficial and harmful fungi: their roles.

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## **GROUP – B (Marks 50)**

1. **Respiration in Animals**

   * Organs of respiration.

   * Breathing mechanism in cockroach, earthworm, and fish.

2. **Animal Nutrition**

   * Phases of nutrition in animals.

   * Types and nature of animal nutrition.

3. **Circulatory System**

   * Concept of open and closed circulatory systems.

   * Open blood vascular system in cockroach.

4. **Locomotion**

   * Locomotory organs in different animals.

   * Mechanism of locomotion in Amoeba, Earthworm, Cockroach, and Fish.

5. **Cell Cycle and Cell Division**

   * Definition and phases of the cell cycle.

   * Types and phases of cell division.

   * Mitosis in animals.

   * Significance of mitosis and meiosis.

6. **Reproduction in Animals**

   * Asexual reproduction.

   * Parthenogenesis, neoteny, and paedogenesis.

   * Oviparous, viviparous, and ovoviviparous animals.

   * External and internal fertilization.

7. **Organic Evolution**

   * Morphological and paleontological evidences.

   * Lamarckism.

   * Darwinism.

8. **Adaptation**

   * Definition and explanation.

   * Aquatic adaptation in Rohu fish.

   * Volant adaptation in pigeon.

9. **Ecosystem and Environment**

   * Biogeochemical cycles: Carbon and Nitrogen cycles.

   * Components of ecosystem.

   * Food chain, food web, and energy flow in ecosystem.

10. **Wildlife Conservation**

    * Causes of wildlife depletion.

    * Need and methods of conservation.

    * Wildlife sanctuaries and national parks.

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## **GROUP – C (Marks 50)**

1. **Respiration in Humans**

   * Structure of respiratory organs.

   * Mechanism of breathing.

2. **Human Nutrition**

   * Types of food, their sources, and nutritional importance.

   * Macro and micro elements: deficiency symptoms.

   * Water-soluble and fat-soluble vitamins: sources, functions, and deficiency diseases.

   * Human digestive system.

   * Balanced diet.

3. **Circulatory System in Humans**

   * Components of blood and their functions.

   * Blood groups and coagulation of blood.

   * Structure of the human heart and circulation of blood.

4. **Excretion in Humans**

   * Structure and function of the main excretory organs.

   * Structure of nephron and urine formation.

5. **Nervous System and Sense Organs**

   * Components and functions of brain and spinal cord.

   * Reflex action with examples.

   * Structure and function of eye and ear.

6. **Endocrine System**

   * Endocrine glands: location and names.

   * Hormones of different endocrine glands and their functions.

   * Disorders: Gigantism, Dwarfism, Acromegaly, Cretinism, Myxedema, Diabetes mellitus, Diabetes insipidus.

7. **Reproductive System in Humans**

   * Structure of male and female reproductive systems.

   * Menstrual cycle.

   * Fertilization.

   * Sexually transmitted diseases (STDs).

8. **Human Diseases and Immunity**

   * Communicable and non-communicable diseases.

   * Causative organisms, symptoms, prevention, and control of Malaria, Influenza, Rabies, Tuberculosis, AIDS.

   * Vaccination and immunisation.